314 research outputs found
Corporate governance antecedents of top management pay dispersion that undermines firm performance
Using social comparison and social network theory, I sought to examine the corporate governance antecedents of top management team (TMT) horizontal pay dispersion that may be interpreted as unjustifiable reasons of pay dispersion and therefore undermine firm performance. I therefore examined compensation data from firms appearing on the S&P500 from 2008 to 2013 and ran panel regressions. This paper adds to the existing literature, as it is one of the first studies to explicitly examine the corporate governance mechanisms that affect TMT pay dispersion. I hope these findings can remedy the continuance of ineffective compensation practices which lead to unjustified pay dispersion among executives and in turn harm firm performance
Developing an online knowledge sharing platform and community of practice for health professionals: Experiences from C-WorKS developed in North East England and Yorkshire during COVID-19
AbstractBackgroundAlthough knowledge sharing online has been recognised as an important strategy for health professionals to apply research findings to their practice, limited research exists on how to develop and implement these platforms to help facilitate collaboration and knowledge sharing.ObjectivesThis study evaluated an online knowledge sharing platform and community of practice developed in the North East of England and Yorkshire during COVID-19 to support UK health and care professionals to reduce the impact of the wider consequences of COVID-19.MethodsSemi-structured interviews with stakeholders (n = 8) and users of C-WorKS (n = 13), followed by an online survey (n = 19) among a wider group of users to analyse knowledge use.ResultsInterview and survey findings highlighted several strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to support future development of online knowledge sharing platforms.DiscussionOnline knowledge sharing supports six ‘pillars’ of successful research and innovation partnerships. This requires distributed forms of leadership and linking of different knowledge sharing strategies, and careful combination of platforms with communities of practice.ConclusionOnline knowledge sharing provides pragmatic and timely strategies for health professionals in the UK to apply research evidence to their practice. Our study provides generalisable, practical insights in how to develop and implement a knowledge sharing platform
Psychosocial resources underlying disaster survivors' posttraumatic stress symptom trajectories: insight from in-depth interviews with mothers who survived Hurricane Katrina
Background: Weather-related disasters, including hurricanes, are becoming more frequent and severe due to climate change. Vulnerable populations, such as people with low income and racial and ethnic minorities, are particularly prone to increased levels of physical harm and psychiatric adversity from weather-related events.Objectives: We aimed to explore psychosocial resources and coping of survivors with three different posttraumatic stress symptom (PTSS) trajectories (High-Decreasing, Moderate-Decreasing, and High-Stable), after Hurricane Katrina across two different time points: F1 (1-year post-disaster) and F3 (12 years post-disaster).Method: Participants in this multi-method study were part of a larger cohort of the Resilience in Survivors of Katrina (RISK) project. Transcripts of interviews completed at the two time points were analysed using two qualitative methods, combining thematic analysis and narrative analysis, and providing both breadth of perspectives with the depth of specific case studies.Results: Sixteen survivors completed interviews at both F1 and F3. From our in-depth analysis of the data, we derived five inductive themes: 'Hope,' 'Adaptive vs maladaptive avoidance,' 'Emotional delay,' 'Acceptance, Finding Meaning and Being in the Moment,' and 'Coping strategies.' Survivors with High-Decreasing and Moderate-Decreasing PTSS trajectories experienced hope for future, accepted the hurricane and its results, and found efficient ways to cope with their situation. Survivors with High-Stable PTSS trajectories tended to express a lack of hope for future and struggled to be mindful and accept the hurricane and its harm. Unlike survivors with High-Decreasing and Moderate-Decreasing PTSS trajectories, survivors with High-Stable PTSS trajectories also reported less social and family support and faced more discrimination and racism.Conclusion: There are factors beyond individual-level psychosocial resources that may shape post-disaster resilience. When supporting survivors after a weather-related disaster, it is essential to provide ongoing psychological, financial, and physical assistance to bolster these resources
Positivity-preserving and entropy-bounded discontinuous Galerkin method for the chemically reacting, compressible Navier-Stokes equations
This article concerns the development of a fully conservative,
positivity-preserving, and entropy-bounded discontinuous Galerkin scheme for
simulating the multicomponent, chemically reacting, compressible Navier-Stokes
equations with complex thermodynamics. In particular, we extend to viscous
flows the fully conservative, positivity-preserving, and entropy-bounded
discontinuous Galerkin method for the chemically reacting Euler equations that
we previously introduced. An important component of the formulation is the
positivity-preserving Lax-Friedrichs-type viscous flux function devised by
Zhang [J. Comput. Phys., 328 (2017), pp. 301-343], which was adapted to
multicomponent flows by Du and Yang [J. Comput. Phys., 469 (2022), pp. 111548]
in a manner that treats the inviscid and viscous fluxes as a single flux. Here,
we similarly extend the aforementioned flux function to multicomponent flows
but separate the inviscid and viscous fluxes. This separation of the fluxes
allows for use of other inviscid flux functions, as well as enforcement of
entropy boundedness on only the convective contribution to the evolved state,
as motivated by physical and mathematical principles. We also discuss in detail
how to account for boundary conditions and incorporate previously developed
pressure-equilibrium-preserving techniques into the positivity-preserving
framework. Comparisons between the Lax-Friedrichs-type viscous flux function
and more conventional flux functions are provided, the results of which
motivate an adaptive solution procedure that employs the former only when the
element-local solution average has negative species concentrations, nonpositive
density, or nonpositive pressure. A variety of multicomponent, viscous flows is
computed, ranging from a one-dimensional shock tube problem to multidimensional
detonation waves and shock/mixing-layer interaction
Spitzer IRAC Secondary Eclipse Photometry of the Transiting Extrasolar Planet HAT-P-1b
We report Spitzer/IRAC photometry of the transiting giant exoplanet HAT-P-1b
during its secondary eclipse. This planet lies near the postulated boundary
between the pM and pL-class of hot Jupiters, and is important as a test of
models for temperature inversions in hot Jupiter atmospheres. We derive eclipse
depths for HAT-P-1b, in units of the stellar flux, that are: 0.080% +/-
0.008%,[3.6um], 0.135% +/- 0.022%,[4.5um],0.203% +/- 0.031%,[5.8um], and
$0.238% +/- 0.040%,[8.0um]. These values are best fit using an atmosphere with
a modest temperature inversion, intermediate between the archetype inverted
atmosphere (HD209458b) and a model without an inversion. The observations also
suggest that this planet is radiating a large fraction of the available stellar
irradiance on its dayside, with little available for redistribution by
circulation. This planet has sometimes been speculated to be inflated by tidal
dissipation, based on its large radius in discovery observations, and on a
non-zero orbital eccentricity allowed by the radial velocity data. The timing
of the secondary eclipse is very sensitive to orbital eccentricity, and we find
that the central phase of the eclipse is 0.4999 +/- 0.0005. The difference
between the expected and observed phase indicates that the orbit is close to
circular, with a 3-sigma limit of |e cosw| < 0.002.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures, 1 table. Accepted by The Astrophysical Journal,
10 Nov 200
Data to support study of Spin States of Homochiral and Heterochiral Isomers of [Fe(PyBox)2]2+ Derivatives
Homochiral [Fe((R)-LPh)2]2+ (LPh = 2,6-bis{4-phenyloxazolinyl}pyridine) undergoes spin-crossover in CD3CN at 34 K lower temperature than its heterochiral diastereomer [Fe((R)-LPh)((S)-LPh)]2+
Studying the atmosphere of the exoplanet HAT-P-7b via secondary eclipse measurements with EPOXI, Spitzer and Kepler
The highly irradiated transiting exoplanet, HAT-P-7b, currently provides one
of the best opportunities for studying planetary emission in the optical and
infrared wavelengths. We observe six near-consecutive secondary eclipses of
HAT-P-7b at optical wavelengths with the EPOXI spacecraft. We place an upper
limit on the relative eclipse depth of 0.055% (95% confidence). We also analyze
Spitzer observations of the same target in the infrared, obtaining secondary
eclipse depths of 0.098+/-0.017%, 0.159+/-0.022%, 0.245+/-0.031% and
0.225+/-0.052% in the 3.6, 4.5, 5.8 and 8.0 micron IRAC bands respectively. We
combine these measurements with the recently published Kepler secondary eclipse
measurement, and generate atmospheric models for the day-side of the planet
that are consistent with both the optical and infrared measurements. The data
are best fit by models with a temperature inversion, as expected from the high
incident flux. The models predict a low optical albedo of ~< 0.13, with
subsolar abundances of Na, K, TiO and VO. We also find that the best fitting
models predict that 10% of the absorbed stellar flux is redistributed to the
night side of the planet, which is qualitatively consistent with the
inefficient day-night redistribution apparent in the Kepler phase curve. Models
without thermal inversions fit the data only at the 1.25 sigma level, and also
require an overabundance of methane, which is not expected in the very hot
atmosphere of HAT-P-7b. We also analyze the eight transits of HAT-P-7b present
in the EPOXI dataset and improve the constraints on the system parameters,
finding a period of P = 2.2047308+/-0.0000025 days, a stellar radius of R* =
1.824+/-0.089Rsun, a planetary radius of Rp = 1.342+/-0.068RJup and an
inclination of i = 85.7+3.5-2.2 deg.Comment: 21 pages, 8 figures, accepted by the Astrophysical Journa
The RNA binding protein Larp1 regulates cell division, apoptosis and cell migration.
The RNA binding protein Larp1 was originally shown to be involved in spermatogenesis, embryogenesis and cell-cycle progression in Drosophila. Our data show that mammalian Larp1 is found in a complex with poly A binding protein and eukaryote initiation factor 4E and is associated with 60S and 80S ribosomal subunits. A reduction in Larp1 expression by siRNA inhibits global protein synthesis rates and results in mitotic arrest and delayed cell migration. Consistent with these data we show that Larp1 protein is present at the leading edge of migrating cells and interacts directly with cytoskeletal components. Taken together, these data suggest a role for Larp1 in facilitating the synthesis of proteins required for cellular remodelling and migration
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